throw exception in java
Contents of page :
  • About throw keyword >
  • throw unchecked exception >
  • throw checked exception >
  • If checked Exception is not handled either by try-catch or throws, we will face compilation error.
  • Program 1- Handling Exception in try-catch block where it was thrown.
  • Program 2- Handling Exception by throwing it from m() method (using throws keyword) and handling it in try-catch block from where call to method m() was made.
  • Program 3- Throwing Exception from m() method and then again throwing it from calling method [ i.e. main method]


About throw keyword >


throw unchecked exception >
  • We need not to handle unChecked exception either by catching it or throwing it.
We throw NullPointerException (unChecked exception) and didn’t handled it, no compilation error was thrown.


throw checked exception >
  • We need to handle checked exception either by catching it, or
  • throwing it by using throws keyword. (When thrown, exception must be handled in calling environment)


If checked Exception is not handled either by try-catch or throws, we will face compilation error.
Program 1- Handling Exception in try-catch block where it was thrown.
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
/** Copyright (c), AnkitMittal JavaMadeSoEasy.com */
public class ExceptionTest {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
          m();
          System.out.println("after calling m()");
   }
   static void m(){
          try {
                throw new FileNotFoundException();
          } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                System.out.println("FileNotFoundException handled in try-catch block");
          }
   }
}
/*OUTPUT
FileNotFoundException handled in try-catch block
after calling m()

*/
We throwed FileNotFoundException (checked exception) by using throw keyword and handled it in try-catch block.




Program 2- Handling Exception by throwing it from m() method (using throws keyword) and handling it in try-catch block from where call to method m() was made.
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
/** Copyright (c), AnkitMittal JavaMadeSoEasy.com */
public class ExceptionTest {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
          try {
                 m();
          } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
             System.out.println("FileNotFoundException handled in try-catch block");
          }
          System.out.println("after calling m()");
   }
   static void m() throws FileNotFoundException{
          throw new FileNotFoundException();
   }
}
/*OUTPUT
FileNotFoundException handled in try-catch block
after calling m()
*/
method m() propagated exception to calling method (i.e. main method) using throws.


Program 3- Throwing Exception from m() method and then again throwing it from calling method [ i.e. main method]
Ultimately exception is not handled properly in this case, but this approach is used in many live projects (i.e. in web applications).
package throwChecked_3_throw_throw;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
/** Copyright (c), AnkitMittal JavaMadeSoEasy.com */
public class ExceptionTest {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException {
          m();
          System.out.println("after calling m()");
   }
   static void m() throws FileNotFoundException{
          throw new FileNotFoundException();
   }
}
/*OUTPUT
Exception in thread "main" java.io.FileNotFoundException
   at throwChecked_3_throw_throw.ExceptionTest.m(ExceptionTest.java:12)
   at throwChecked_3_throw_throw.ExceptionTest.main(ExceptionTest.java:8)
*/
Please note that System.out.println("after calling m()") statement wasn't executed.
method m() propagated exception to calling method (i.e. main method)  using throws, and
main propagated exception to JVM using throws.





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